Langston Hughes’ short story “Simple Takes a Wife” is a complex and nuanced portrayal of African American life in the mid-20th century. Through the character of Simple, Hughes explores themes of love, marriage, and societal expectations, while also commenting on the broader political and cultural landscape of the time. In this literary analysis, we will unpack the layers of meaning in “Simple Takes a Wife” and examine how Hughes uses language, character development, and symbolism to convey his message.
Background on Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was an American poet, novelist, and playwright who was born in Joplin, Missouri in 1902. He is best known for his contributions to the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that took place in the 1920s and 1930s in Harlem, New York. Hughes was a prolific writer who published numerous works of poetry, fiction, and non-fiction throughout his career. His writing often explored themes of African American identity, racism, and social justice. Hughes was also a political activist and a key figure in the Civil Rights Movement. He died in 1967 at the age of 65.
Overview of ‘Simple Takes a Wife’
“Simple Takes a Wife” is a short story written by Langston Hughes that was first published in 1953. The story follows the character of Jesse B. Semple, also known as Simple, as he navigates his new marriage to a woman named Joyce. Simple is a beloved character in Hughes’ works, known for his wit, humor, and commentary on the social issues of his time. In “Simple Takes a Wife,” Hughes explores themes of love, marriage, and the challenges faced by African Americans in the mid-twentieth century. Through Simple’s experiences, Hughes sheds light on the complexities of relationships and the struggles of marginalized communities. The story is a poignant and insightful look into the human experience, and a testament to Hughes’ skill as a writer.
Analysis of the Characters
In Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife,” the characters are complex and multifaceted, each with their own unique personalities and motivations. Simple, the protagonist, is a charming and affable man who is always ready with a joke or a story. However, beneath his easygoing exterior lies a deep sense of insecurity and a fear of being alone. His wife, Joyce, is a strong and independent woman who is not afraid to speak her mind. She is fiercely loyal to Simple, but also has her own dreams and ambitions that she is determined to pursue. Together, the two of them navigate the ups and downs of married life, facing challenges and obstacles along the way. Through their interactions with each other and with the other characters in the story, we gain a deeper understanding of their personalities and motivations, and come to appreciate the complexity of their relationship.
Themes Explored in the Story
One of the main themes explored in Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife” is the struggle for identity and self-discovery. The protagonist, Jesse B. Semple (also known as Simple), is a complex character who is constantly searching for his place in the world. Throughout the story, Simple grapples with issues of race, class, and gender, as he tries to navigate the complexities of American society. Another important theme in the story is the power of love and relationships. Simple’s relationship with his wife, Joyce, is a central focus of the narrative, and it is through their interactions that we see the transformative power of love. Ultimately, “Simple Takes a Wife” is a powerful exploration of the human experience, and it offers readers a unique perspective on the challenges and triumphs of life in America.
Symbolism in ‘Simple Takes a Wife’
Symbolism plays a significant role in Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife.” The story is filled with various symbols that represent different themes and ideas. One of the most prominent symbols in the story is the wedding ring. The wedding ring symbolizes the commitment and love between Simple and his wife. It also represents the societal expectations of marriage and the pressure to conform to those expectations. Another symbol in the story is the train. The train symbolizes the journey of life and the different paths that people take. It also represents the idea of progress and moving forward. The train is a recurring symbol throughout the story, and it is used to show the changes that Simple and his wife go through as they navigate their new life together. Overall, the use of symbolism in “Simple Takes a Wife” adds depth and meaning to the story, and it helps to convey the themes and ideas that Hughes is exploring.
The Role of Race in the Story
The role of race in Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife” is a crucial aspect of the story. Throughout the narrative, the characters’ race and the societal expectations and limitations placed upon them based on their race are constantly present. Simple, the protagonist, is a black man living in a predominantly white society, and his experiences and interactions with white people are a significant part of the story. Additionally, the character of Joyce, Simple’s love interest, is a white woman, which adds another layer of complexity to the racial dynamics at play. The story explores themes of racial prejudice, discrimination, and the struggle for equality, making it a powerful commentary on the racial tensions of the time. Overall, the role of race in “Simple Takes a Wife” is an integral part of the story, highlighting the challenges and injustices faced by black Americans in the mid-twentieth century.
The Significance of the Setting
The setting of a literary work can often play a crucial role in shaping the story and its characters. In Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife,” the setting of Harlem in the 1950s is significant in several ways. Firstly, it provides a backdrop for the racial tensions and discrimination that Simple and his wife, Joyce, face as an interracial couple. Additionally, the setting of Harlem allows for the exploration of themes such as poverty, community, and the struggle for equality. The specific locations within Harlem, such as the bar where Simple and his friends gather, also contribute to the overall atmosphere and tone of the story. Overall, the setting of “Simple Takes a Wife” is an integral part of the story’s meaning and message.
The Use of Humor in the Story
Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife” is a humorous story that uses wit and satire to comment on the social and cultural norms of the time. The use of humor in the story serves several purposes, including providing comic relief, highlighting the absurdity of certain situations, and critiquing societal expectations.
One example of humor in the story is the character of Simple himself. Simple is a lovable and charming character who often speaks in a folksy, humorous manner. His wit and humor are a source of entertainment for the reader, and his antics provide a welcome break from the more serious themes of the story.
Another example of humor in the story is the way in which it satirizes the expectations placed on women in the 1950s. The character of Joyce, Simple’s wife, is expected to be a perfect housewife and mother, but she struggles to meet these expectations. The story uses humor to critique these societal norms, highlighting the absurdity of expecting women to be perfect homemakers while also working outside the home.
Overall, the use of humor in “Simple Takes a Wife” adds depth and complexity to the story, allowing it to comment on serious issues while also providing entertainment for the reader.
The Impact of the Story on Society
Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife” is a powerful piece of literature that has had a significant impact on society. The story, which was first published in 1953, explores themes of race, gender, and class, and it offers a critical commentary on the social and political issues of the time.
One of the most significant impacts of the story is its contribution to the Civil Rights Movement. Hughes was a prominent figure in the movement, and his work helped to raise awareness of the struggles faced by African Americans in the United States. “Simple Takes a Wife” is a prime example of this, as it highlights the challenges faced by black women in particular. The story’s protagonist, Jess, is a strong and independent woman who is determined to make a better life for herself and her family. Her struggles and triumphs serve as a powerful reminder of the resilience and strength of black women in the face of adversity.
Another impact of the story is its role in challenging traditional gender roles. Jess is a woman who refuses to conform to the expectations placed upon her by society. She is not content to be a housewife and mother; instead, she wants to pursue her own dreams and ambitions. This message was particularly important in the 1950s, when women were expected to be subservient to men and to prioritize their roles as wives and mothers above all else.
Overall, “Simple Takes a Wife” is a powerful and thought-provoking story that continues to resonate with readers today. Its themes of race, gender, and class are as relevant now as they were when the story was first published, and its impact on society cannot be overstated.
The Legacy of Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was a prolific writer and poet who left an indelible mark on American literature. His works, which often explored the experiences of African Americans, continue to resonate with readers today. Hughes’ legacy is particularly evident in his creation of the character “Simple,” a witty and insightful everyman who appeared in many of his short stories. In “Simple Takes a Wife,” Hughes uses this character to explore themes of love, marriage, and gender roles. Through Simple’s interactions with his new wife, Hughes offers a nuanced commentary on the complexities of romantic relationships and the challenges faced by African American couples in mid-twentieth century America. As readers continue to engage with Hughes’ work, his legacy as a trailblazing writer and cultural commentator remains as relevant as ever.
The Importance of ‘Simple Takes a Wife’ in Hughes’ Body of Work
One of the most significant works in Langston Hughes’ body of work is “Simple Takes a Wife.” This short story, which was first published in 1953, is a continuation of the character Jesse B. Semple, also known as Simple, who is a recurring figure in Hughes’ writing. In “Simple Takes a Wife,” Simple finds himself in a new phase of life as he navigates the challenges of marriage and family.
The importance of this work lies in its portrayal of the African American experience in the mid-twentieth century. Hughes’ writing often focused on the struggles and triumphs of Black Americans, and “Simple Takes a Wife” is no exception. Through Simple’s character, Hughes explores themes of love, family, and the complexities of relationships.
Furthermore, “Simple Takes a Wife” is significant because it challenges stereotypes and assumptions about Black Americans. Simple is a complex character who defies the narrow expectations often placed on Black men in literature and society. He is not a one-dimensional caricature, but a fully realized individual with his own hopes, fears, and desires.
Overall, “Simple Takes a Wife” is a crucial work in Hughes’ oeuvre because it continues his legacy of portraying the African American experience with nuance and depth. It is a testament to his skill as a writer and his commitment to telling stories that reflect the diversity and complexity of Black life.
The Relevance of the Story Today
The story of “Simple Takes a Wife” by Langston Hughes is still relevant today because it highlights the struggles and challenges faced by African Americans in the early 20th century. The story sheds light on the issues of racism, poverty, and gender inequality that were prevalent during that time. These issues are still prevalent in today’s society, and the story serves as a reminder of the progress that still needs to be made. Additionally, the story’s portrayal of the complexities of relationships and the importance of communication is a timeless theme that resonates with readers of all backgrounds. Overall, “Simple Takes a Wife” is a powerful piece of literature that continues to hold relevance and significance in today’s world.
The Use of Language in the Story
Langston Hughes’ use of language in “Simple Takes a Wife” is both simple and complex. The simplicity lies in the colloquial language used by the characters, which reflects the everyday speech of African Americans in the 1950s. The complexity, on the other hand, lies in the way Hughes uses language to convey deeper meanings and themes.
One example of this is the way Simple speaks. He often uses double negatives and incorrect grammar, which may seem like a reflection of his lack of education. However, this also serves to highlight the systemic racism and lack of access to education that many African Americans faced during this time period.
Additionally, Hughes uses language to explore themes of gender roles and expectations. For example, when Simple’s wife insists on working outside the home, he initially resists, saying “A woman’s place is in the home.” However, as the story progresses, Simple begins to question his own beliefs and ultimately comes to accept his wife’s desire for independence.
Overall, Hughes’ use of language in “Simple Takes a Wife” is a powerful tool for exploring complex themes and issues. By using colloquial language and exploring the nuances of everyday speech, he is able to create a vivid and authentic portrayal of African American life in the 1950s.
The Role of Women in the Story
In Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife,” the role of women is a significant aspect of the story. Throughout the narrative, the female characters are portrayed as strong, independent, and capable individuals who challenge societal norms and expectations. For instance, Joyce, Simple’s wife, is depicted as a woman who is not afraid to speak her mind and stand up for herself. She is a modern woman who is determined to pursue her dreams and aspirations, even if it means going against the traditional roles assigned to women in society. Similarly, the other female characters in the story, such as the landlady and the waitress, are also portrayed as strong and independent women who are not afraid to assert themselves. Overall, the role of women in “Simple Takes a Wife” is a testament to the resilience and strength of women in the face of societal expectations and limitations.
The Relationship Between Simple and Joyce
The relationship between Simple and Joyce in Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife” is complex and multifaceted. On the surface, they appear to be a happy couple, deeply in love and committed to each other. However, as the story progresses, it becomes clear that their relationship is fraught with tension and conflict. Simple, a working-class man with a limited education, struggles to understand and communicate with Joyce, a college-educated woman with more sophisticated tastes and aspirations. This cultural divide creates a barrier between them, leading to misunderstandings and arguments. Despite these challenges, however, Simple and Joyce remain devoted to each other, and their love ultimately triumphs over their differences. Through their relationship, Hughes explores themes of class, race, and gender, highlighting the challenges faced by African Americans in the mid-twentieth century.
The Significance of the Title
The title of a literary work is often the first thing that readers encounter, and it can set the tone for the entire piece. In the case of Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife,” the title is significant in several ways. First, it suggests that the story will be about a character named Simple, who has already been introduced in previous works by Hughes. Second, the addition of “takes a wife” implies that Simple will be getting married, which raises questions about how this will affect his character and his relationships with others. Finally, the title’s use of the word “takes” instead of “marries” or “wed” suggests a certain level of agency on Simple’s part, as if he is actively choosing to enter into this new phase of his life. Overall, the title of “Simple Takes a Wife” sets up expectations for the story and hints at the themes and conflicts that will be explored.
The Historical Context of the Story
The historical context of Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife” is crucial to understanding the story’s themes and characters. The story was published in 1953, during a time of significant social and political change in the United States. The Civil Rights Movement was gaining momentum, and African Americans were fighting for equal rights and an end to segregation. Hughes himself was a prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that celebrated African American art, literature, and music in the 1920s and 1930s.
“Simple Takes a Wife” is set in Harlem, a neighborhood in New York City that was a center of African American culture and activism. The story’s protagonist, Jesse B. Semple (also known as Simple), is a working-class African American man who struggles to make ends meet and navigate the complexities of relationships. Simple’s experiences reflect the challenges faced by many African Americans during this time period, including discrimination, poverty, and limited opportunities for social and economic advancement.
At the same time, “Simple Takes a Wife” also reflects the changing attitudes and values of the era. The story’s portrayal of gender roles and relationships challenges traditional notions of masculinity and femininity, as Simple’s wife, Joyce, takes on a more assertive and independent role in their marriage. This reflects the growing influence of feminism and women’s rights movements during the 1950s.
Overall, the historical context of “Simple Takes a Wife” provides important insights into the story’s themes and characters. By understanding the social and political climate of the time, readers can gain a deeper appreciation for Hughes’ exploration of race, gender, and identity in mid-twentieth century America.
The Literary Techniques Used in the Story
Langston Hughes’ “Simple Takes a Wife” is a short story that employs various literary techniques to convey its message. One of the most prominent techniques used in the story is the use of dialect. The characters in the story speak in a distinct African American dialect, which adds authenticity to the story and helps to create a sense of place and time. The use of dialect also helps to convey the characters’ personalities and their social status.
Another literary technique used in the story is the use of humor. The story is filled with humorous situations and witty dialogue, which helps to lighten the mood and make the story more enjoyable to read. The humor also serves to highlight the absurdity of some of the characters’ actions and beliefs, and to critique certain aspects of society.
The story also employs the use of symbolism. For example, the character of Simple can be seen as a symbol of the African American experience, with his struggles and triumphs representing those of the larger community. The use of symbolism helps to deepen the meaning of the story and to make it more universal.
Finally, the story uses the technique of irony. The character of Simple is often portrayed as being simple-minded and uneducated, yet he is able to outsmart the more educated and sophisticated characters in the story. This irony serves to challenge the reader’s assumptions about intelligence and education, and to critique the societal structures that value these qualities above all else.
Overall, the literary techniques used in “Simple Takes a Wife” help to make the story engaging, thought-provoking, and memorable.